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October 9 1999 - January 9 2000

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Did you know about keeping warm?
[House in Heilongjiang] Heilongjiang, just to the south of Siberia, has a climate comparable to Alberta's, quite capable of producing -30°C winter temperatures. Conical skin lodges, rather like tipis, were common in the region, and were widely used by hunting and fishing peoples. How did people living in more settled villages deal with such cold? They used a special form of housing:

Their houses are several feet high and have no tiles but are covered with wooden planks (shingles). Sometimes they take birch-bark or use straw twined together. Walls and fences have normally wooden doors which invariably face the East. The room is surrounded by a couch of clay. Underneath they make a fire. They sleep, eat and rest upon it. It is called k'ang and they use it because of it warmth. (Franke 1975:129)
This passage comes from Xu Mengxin's (1126-1207) Collected Accounts of the Treaties with the North Under Three Reigns. The Song envoy Hsu was evidently unfamiliar with the idea of a heatable brick bed, which was an old idea by the Twelfth Century. Heat from the cooking oven is channeled under the dwelling's sleeping and resting platform.

Reference

Franke, Herbert (1975) Chinese Texts on the Jurchen. A Translation of the Jurchen Monograph in the San-cha'o Pei-Meng Hui-pien. Zentralasiatische Studien 9:119-186.


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